Dendritic spines are small twigs on the dendrites of a very large class of neurons in the central nervous system. There are between 10 (3) and 10 (5) spines per neuron, each one including at least one synapse, i.e. a ...

An extremum principle is developed that determines three-dimensional surface orientation from a two-dimensional contour. The principle maximizes the ratio of the area to the square of the perimeter, a measure of the ...

It is possible to represent a finite set of points (atoms) by a finite sequence of points. However a finite set of points has no distinguished member and therefore it is impossible to define a function which takes a ...

It is shown here that the equivalence class of an expression under the congruence closure of any finite set of equations between ground terms is a context free expression language. An expression is either a symbols or ...

Computational studies of the interpretation of structure from motion examine the conditions under which three-dimensional structure can be recovered from motion in the image. The first part of this paper summarizes the ...

This paper discusses how data from multiple tactile sensors may be used to identify and locate one object, from among a set of known objects. We use only local information from sensors: (1) the position of contact ...

This paper explores representations used to reason about objects which change over time and the processes which cause changes. Specifically, we are interested in solving a problem known as geologic interpretation. To ...

Introspection is the process of thinking about one's own thoughts and feelings. In this paper, I discuss recent attempts to make computational systems that exhibit introspective behavior: [Smith, 982], [Weyhrauch, ...

A fundamental time-scaling property of manipulator dynamics has been identified that allows modification of movement speed without complete dynamics recalculation. By exploiting this property, it can be determined ...

The analysis of visual motion divides naturally into two stages: the first is the measurement of motion, for example, the assignment of direction and magnitude of velocity to elements in the image, on the basis of the ...

The industrial robot's principal advantage over traditional automation is programmability. Robots can perform arbitrary sequences of pre-stored motions or of motions computed as functions of sensory input. This paper ...

Zero-crossing or feature-point based stereo algorithms can, by definition, determine explicit depth information only at particular points on the image. To compute a complete surface description, this sparse depth map ...

Message policy is defined to be the description of the disposition of messages of a single type, when received by a group of processes. Group policy applies to all the processes of a group, but for a single message ...

This paper describes some problems and opportunities associated with conceptual modeling for the kind of "open systems" we foresee must and will be increasingly recognized as a central line of computer system development. ...

Many loops can be more easily understood and manipulated if they are viewed as being built up out of operations on sequences of values. A notation is introduced which makes this viewpoint explicit. Using it, loops can ...

Things move, collide, flow, bend, heat up, cool down, stretch, break and boil. These and other things that happen to cause changes in objects over time are intuitively characterized as processes. To understand common ...

In a dendritic tree transient synaptic inputs activating ionic conductances with an equilibrium potential near the resting potential can veto very effectively other excitatory inputs. Analog operations of this type can ...

An important skill in programming is being able to visualize the operation of procedures, both for constructing programs and debugging them. Tinker is a programming environment for Lisp that enables the programmer to ...

The use of rotationally symmetric operators in vision is reviewed and conditions for rotational symmetry are derived for linear and quadratic forms in the first and second partial directional derivatives of a function ...

Recent theoretical developments in Image Understanding are surveyed. Among the issues discussed are: edge finding, region finding, texture, shape from shading, shape from texture, shape from contour, and the representations ...