A major obstacle in the development of learning machines, mechanical translation, advanced information retrieval systems, and other areas of artificial intelligence, has been the problem of defining, encoding, and representing ...

In the following sections we show, by a simple direct construction, that computations done by Turing machines can be duplicated by a very simple symbol manipulation process. The process is described by a simple form of ...

Conditional expressions, composition and recursion are the basic operations used in LISP to define functions on list structures. Any computable function of arbitrarily complex list structures may be described using these ...

Below is a list of suggested Conventions and De-bugging aids for LISP time-sharing. Any and all suggestions are encouraged and should be submitted in writing to R. A. Robnett in a hurry.

A time-sharing system for the 7090 computer is being developed at the M.I.T. Computation Center whereby many users can communicate simultaneously with the computer through individual consoles. In the time-sharing ...

This is one of a series of memos concerning a logical system for proof-checking. It is not self-contained, but belongs with future memos which will describe a complete formal system with its intended interpretation and ...

During the last half of the nineteenth century the need for formal methods of proof became evident to mathematicians who were making such confidence-shaking discoveries as non-Euclidean geometry. The demand is not to be ...

In LISP 1.5 special forms are used for three logically separate purposes: a) to reach the alist, b) to allow functions to have an indefinite number of arguments, and c) to keep arguments from being evaluated. New LISP ...

Mathscope: A compiler for two-dimensional mathematical picture syntax. Mathscope is a proposed program for displaying publication-quality mathematical expressions given symbolic (list-structure) representations of the ...

This paper will report new developments and recent improvements to DDT. "Window DDT" now will remember undefined symbols and define them on a later command. Using sequence breaks, it can change the contents of memory while ...

A computer program has been written in the LISP programming language which accepts information and answers questions presented to it in a restricted form of natural English language. The program achieves its effects by ...

A principal limitation of LISP processors in many computations is that of inadequate primary random-access storage. This paper explores several methods of using a secondary storage medum (such as drums, disk files or magetic ...

Derivator is a PDP-1 program for examining the solutions to differential equations by inspection of a visual display of trajectories. Because fixed-point arithmetic is used (in order to maintain visual display speeds), ...

This paper presents an algorithm for reclaiming unused free storage memory cells in LISP. It depends on availability of a fast secondary storage device, or a large block of available temporary storage. For this price, we ...

It would be useful to develop a combination typewriter-plotter along the lines described below. The device could be coupled to a telephone line with a reasonably small amount of electronics -- mostly relays.

The following exercises are carefully graded to mesh with the sections in Chapter I, "The LISP Language", in the LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual. Each exercise should be worked immediately after reading the manual section indicated.

This paper describes a computer program which accepts and "understands" a comfortable, but restricted set of one natural language, English. Certain difficulties are inherent in this problem of making a machine "understand" ...

This memo describes changes to the LISP system by several people. The changes reduce printout and give the user more control over it. They also make it possible for LISP to communicate with the teletype and the disk. The ...

These conventions are for the implementation of the new language on a large computer on which time-sharing is the standard role of operation. Each user is at any time asigned a certain amount of primary storage. This ...

This is a definition of the syntax of the *** language. It consists of modifications and extensions of the "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60" which is printed in the "Communications of the ACM", January ...