Cybernetic thinking provides a framework to understand the issues in creating and using methods and process models during collaborative designing. It can help understand what takes place while the creation and use is ...

Information flows in a service organisation allow business units to co-ordinate their response to changes in the operating environment. Processes and interactions can be designed so that the right information flows to the ...

In what sense is PD process modelling useful? and how can the utility of modelling be improved? In this paper, we approach these questions through an analysis of PD process modelling ‘utility’ – which in broad terms we ...