Valorization of Underutilized Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastes for Biofuel Production

Abstract

The study focuses on utilizing lignocellulose biomass (LCB) as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production to address fossil fuel depletion, climate change, energy poverty, and environmental issues in Africa. With global energy demand rising and agriculture generating significant waste, the study explores agricultural residues and unconventional biomass sources, such as Prosopis africana, for bioenergy generation. Africa faces severe energy poverty, with millions lacking access to electricity and clean cooking facilities. The research aims to assess the energy potential of these residues and promote circular economy principles through bioenergy production. Methodologically, the study used data from the FAOSTAT database to analyze various crop residues for their suitability in bioenergy generation. It employed empirical analysis and modeling techniques to assess energy potential. For Prosopis africana, proximate, ultimate, and compositional analyses were performed using advanced techniques like scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the biomass’s physical, thermal, and chemical properties. Additionally, the hybrid composition of Prosopis africana pod and cowpea husk was evaluated for briquette production, optimizing particle size, binder concentration, and densification pressure using Response Surface Methodology. Results indicate that agricultural residues hold significant potential for bioenergy, supporting sustainable resource utilization and promoting circular economy practices. Prosopis africana exhibited high heating values (15.23 to 20.49 MJ/kg), positioning it as a strong candidate for biofuel production. Optimal briquette properties were achieved with specific particle size, binder concentration, and densification pressure, improving mechanical and combustion characteristics. The study concludes that agricultural residues and Prosopis africana can alleviate Africa’s energy challenges, promote environmental sustainability, and contribute to economic development. The findings offer critical insights into scaling bioenergy production and adopting circular economy principles. Further investigations are ongoing to address socio-economic challenges related to bioenergy adoption.